The Huetar (ghetar) was spoken, before the Spanish Conquest, in the Central Valley of the current coastal territory and the basin of the Grande de Tárcoles and Virilla rivers, to the mouth of the first in the Pacific Ocean and the Siquirres plains in the Atlantic (Constella 1984; Quesada 1996; Ibarra 1990, 1999). The various Huetar kingdoms were submitted by the conquerors since the 16th century and the population was gradually reduced and acculturated, until they lost their language, religion and almost all their specific cultural practices. At present, the descendants of the Huetars are concentrated in regions of Puriscal, Mora and Acosta, but only two small populations in Quitirrisí and Zapatón, in San José, identify themselves as indigenous (Quesada 1996). The huetar was the majority language of the current Costa Rican territory prior to the Conquista and apparently served as English between the different groups of the south and the north, due to the political power of the Lordship of the Guarco (Ibarra 1990), so it was taken as a general language of the territory by the Spanish conquerors and colonizers. The language was extinguished at the end of the 18th century, although some remains may have remained until the beginning of the 20th century (Constenla 1984, Quesada 1996). It has only a record of about 200 common nouns and 450 own names (Quesada 1996), extracted from documentary sources and from the reduced lexical substrate (especially phytonyms and zoonyms, but also several toponyms) that was left in the Spanish of the Central Valley of Costa Rica (Constenla 1984; Quesada 1996, 2006). This language may have belonged to the votic group of the Chibcha family, but the limited data available do not allow it to be stated with certainty (Constenla 2008).
- Constenla Umaña, Adolfo. 1984. "Huetar: observations on the materials available for its study and on the assumptions around its linguistic affinities." Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica 10 (2):3-18.
- Constenla Umaña, Adolfo. 2008. «Estado actual de la subclasificación de las lenguas chibchenses y de la reconstrucción fonológica y gramatical del protochibchense». In: Estudios de Lingüística Chibcha 27: 117-135.
- Ibarra Rojas, Eugenia. 1990. Costa Rica's cacical societies (16th century). San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
- Ibarra Rojas, Eugenia. 1999. The jaguar stains. Indigenous Footprints in the History of Costa Rica. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
- Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1996. The huetars: history, language, ethnography and oral tradition. Cartago: Editorial Tecnología de Costa Rica.
- Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 2006. “Toponimia indígena de Costa Rica”. Revista de Filología y Lingüística. XXXII (2): 203-259.
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